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In medicine, Flammer syndrome is a complex of clinical features caused mainly by dysregulation of the blood supply, which is called vascular dysregulation. It can manifest itself in many symptoms such as cold hands and feet and is often associated with low blood pressure. In certain cases it is associated with or predisposes for the development of diseases such as a normal tension glaucoma. Flammer syndrome is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Josef Flammer and has since 2013 been established as a risk factor for certain diseases in medical terminology. == Signs and symptoms == Most of the symptoms of Flammer syndrome result from an impaired regulation of the blood supply. How these symptoms affect the patient depends on which organ's or body part's blood supply is inhibited. Typical symptoms of Flammer syndrome are cold hands or feet, a low blood pressure, occasional white and red patches on the face or neck, and migraine-like pain or a feeling of pressure behind the upper eyelid. In addition, there are symptoms not directly resulting from dysregulations of the blood supply such as a prolonged time needed to fall asleep,〔Vollenweider S, Wirz-Justice A et al.:Chronobiological characterization of women with primary vasospastic syndrome: body heat loss capacity in relation to sleep initiation and phase of entrainment. ''Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol.'' 2008 Feb;294(2):R630-8.〕 a reduced feeling of thirst, high sensitivity not only to cold but also to odors, vibrations, psychological stress or certain medications (e.g., calcium antagonists, beta blockers) etc. Pain and muscle spasms are common. People with Flammer's syndrome are usually very precise, highly motivated and successful in their professional life. Scientific studies have shown that in many patients with glaucoma the cause of the disease are perfusion issues of the optic nerve and retina while intraocular pressure is normal. Many patients with normal tension glaucoma have a basic constitution, which corresponds to the Flammer syndrome. Some of its features were formerly summarized under the term "primary vascular dysregulation syndrome". Signs of Flammer syndrome may include: *cold hands and / or feet *arterial hypotension *lower body mass index *decreased feeling of thirst *prolongation of time to fall asleep *increased sensitivity to pain, odor perception, sensitivity to certain drugs *migraine *tinnitus *reversible patchy white or red discoloration of the skin. People with Flammer syndrome typically respond excessively to mental or physical stimuli such as stress or exposure to cold. The disease is more prevalent in the following groups of people: in women compared to men, in people with lower blood pressure, in Asians compared with Caucasians, it is more frequent among academics than among blue collar-workers. People with Flammer syndrome are usually highly motivated in their professional life, they sleep poorly and they have a decreased sensation of thirst.〔Konieczka K, Fränkl S. Primary Vascular Dysregulation and Glaucoma.(in German ) ''Zeitschrift für praktische Augenheilkunde'' 2013; 34:207-215〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Flammer syndrome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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